Kitty Come Home – Felines of the Great Indoors

By Hana Haatainen Caye

We’ve all heard the old adage that curiosity killed the cat. Cliché, yes, but there is a lot of truth to it. Cats are naturally inquisitive creatures; it’s part of their charm. It can, however, get them into trouble, particularly if they are avid outdoor explorers. For that reason, there is much debate over whether or not they should be kept indoors. Indoor cats are less likely to tango with the dangers of the outside world, but does keeping them inside stifle their natural instincts and lessen their quality of life? There are a great many cat lovers out there who would vehemently argue the latter, but in today’s world there are plenty reasons to err on the side of caution and transform your outdoor adventurer into a lover of the great indoors.

Danger Zones

When you consider all the dangers lurking outside of your door, it is much easier to make the decision to keep Fluffy inside. The risks to your pet’s safety and health include:

• Disease: There is no vaccination for FIV (Feline AIDS) and the one for FeLV (Feline Leukemia) offers only 80-85% protection from this life-threatening disease.

• Parasites: Flea, tick and/or mosquito bites can cause serious problems for your pet.

• Injuries: Cats are prone to multiple injuries when they spend their time outdoors. They can be hit by a car, be wounded in an altercation with another animal, get caught in a trap, etc.

• Poisoning: Unfortunately, not everyone loves cats the way you do. Neighbors may put out poison in order to keep Rocky from urinating in their garden. Or, Rocky may choose a poisoned rat for an early morning snack.

• Catnapping: Unbelievable but true, people pick up cats to sell for lab research or to use as bait in dogfights.

As compelling as they are, these concerns aren’t the only reasons to make the switch. Suppose you just moved into a new community and discover your outdoor cat is not permitted to roam the neighborhood unleashed. Or the stray cat you’ve been feeding is going to be taken to a shelter where she will most likely be euthanized…unless someone takes her in. Whether it is for safety issues, or to adhere to your community rules, the choice to retrain your cat to stay indoors is often a wise one.

Escape Artist

Since keeping a cat indoors does often contradict its ingrained inclination to explore, your first challenge is…well…keeping your cat indoors. This is not easy when your kitty is determined to escape back into her comfort zone. Start by making your cat’s passage to the outside world an unpleasant experience. Each time you enter or exit through a door and the cat tries to slink passed you, be prepared to make some noise. Stomp your feet, clap your hands or bang on a pot the second she passes the no-go zone, which ideally should be a foot or two away from the door. Add a loud hissing sound similar to what a mother cat uses with her kittens while she is training them. Be consistent. If this does not deter Lucky, add a dose of water or a puff of canned air to her face. Water pistols or spray bottles work well for this purpose. Generally, cats dislike unexpected face-washes, and when they discover the cause and effect of this misery, they will most likely decide it is just not worth it.

If you would rather exercise positive reinforcement, try luring your kitty away from the door with her favorite treats. Outside or treats? The answer to her inner dialogue will reflect how strong her will is to go back into the exciting world of skittering rodents and foraging pigeons.

Box Business

Training an outdoor kitty that is used to pottying in the posies to use an indoor litter box can be difficult, despite the fact that doing so is instinctual. The ASPCA suggests confining your cat to a large cage, complete with food, water, toys, a comfy sleeping area and a box filled with fine-grain, clumping litter. Once she gets the hang of going in the litter, move her to a small room, such as a bathroom, and keep her there until you are sure she is not urinating or defecating anywhere except in the litter box. This process could take as little as a few days or perhaps as long as a week.

When she finally has free rein of the house, carefully monitor her pottying habits. If you find her going outside of her box, put her back in a restricted area until she is accident-free once again.

Of course, it is important to give your cat plenty of supervised time outside of her cage or small room. Playing with her and giving her plenty of cuddle time will help your outdoor kitty adjust more readily to life on the other side of the door.

Tantalizing Temptations

Retraining your cat is only part of the equation. The other part is eliminating reasons for her to go outside. One such way is to spay or neuter the cat. Cats eager to mate will likely make your life miserable if they cannot get out that door. Food is another life necessity that trumps the ability to venture outdoors, so if your kitty is used to supping on the patio, introduce her to your wonderful indoor café. Your last task, although equally as important as the others, is to make the new indoor digs as pleasant and attractive as possible by adding a few of your cat’s favorite trimmings. An inviting home with plenty of entertainment and yummy snacks will eventually become a haven for your former roamer.  

Toys, Toys and More Toys

Your reformed hunter needs a lot of stimulation. Fluffy will love leaping through the living room in pursuit of feathers dangling from a stick. Batting a ping-pong ball across the kitchen floor will satisfy her chase instinct. Even a balled up piece of paper tossed across your home office can provide loads of fun. Cardboard boxes and paper (not plastic) bags can provide hours of playtime as well. Try transforming a large carton into an entertainment box, complete with plenty of openings big enough for your kitty to stick her paw through. Dangle toys from strings taped to the ceiling of the box so she can reach through the holes to ‘fish’ for a prize. The key here is to maintain her interest by rotating the toys every two weeks or so.

Go Green

Since outdoor kitties often eat grass to aid their digestive systems, providing them with a safe indoor alternative is a good choice. Plant containers of cat grass, alfalfa grass, catnip or wheat grass and let them munch away.

A Perch for Princess  

Cats tend to enjoy looking down on their surroundings. Give your indoor princess her throne. Cat trees and window perches will allow her to view what is happening inside and out. Crack the window so she can get a whiff of the outdoor air. Just make sure your screens are secure and do not tempt your kitty to devise an escape plan.

Cat Scratch Fever

Outdoor cats exercise their claws on a variety of surfaces, so you want to make sure they can continue this habit on something other than your leather sofa. Provide lots of scratching options, including sisal- or carpet-wrapped cat trees and corrugated cardboard scratch pads infused with oh-so-enticing catnip. If your over-zealous claw-sharpener is shredding your furniture, consider trimming her claws every week or two, or applying Soft Paws (www.softpaws.com) claw covers.

Whatever you do, make the change gradual. Limit the time spent outside to less and less each day. Then let Fluffy out every other day for a week, then twice a week, once a week, and eventually shut the door for good. If you listen carefully, late at night when everyone is asleep, you are bound to hear the gentle clicking of heels and a soft meow that says, “There’s no place like home.”

Precious Cargo – On the Road with Biggles and Buddy

By Lindsay Minor

A lot of thought goes into planning a summer vacation: where to go, what to pack, which tours to book. Having pets just adds a whole new set of questions, the first being to bring or not to bring the family mutt. Airline regulations and requirements add time and, for some, frustration, to the trip. Those traveling by car will have to make extra stops and clear a spot in the backseat. Then you must consider your itinerary. Your fun-loving Chihuahua might love long strolls in the country, but he may not be so excited about, or even welcome at, a Broadway review. On the other hand, taking your pet along on suitable family trips can be a fun way to enrich your journey and even strengthen your bond. And with more and more destinations adopting pet-friendly policies, it’s relatively easy to bring Biggles and Buddy along for the ride of their lives. As with most endeavors, preparedness is your ticket to jet-set pet paradise.

Preparing for Take-Off

First and foremost, you’ll want to make sure your pet is healthy and up to speed on vaccinations, so a chat with your vet about your pet’s medical history and pertinent information for safe travel is the best starting point. As your travels may take you to an area that hosts creatures very different from those in your own yard, Dr. Sumit Sabharwal, DVM at Seven Hills Pet Hospital suggests, “Ask about the risk of heartworm disease, ticks and fleas in the area you”re traveling. Most pets here are not on preventative medications for these diseases.” Additionally, if you are traveling by plane, you’ll likely need to acquire current health and rabies certificates dated no more than ten days prior to your departure. No matter how you travel, carry a copy of your pet’s medical history in case of an emergency.

Up, Up and Away

Airline policies vary greatly in their willingness and ability to accommodate pets. Most airlines only allow a limited number of pets on board per flight, and certain types of breeds are prohibited from flying altogether. Snub-nosed breeds like Bulldogs or Persian cats are not always permitted due to their hindered respiratory systems, and some aggressive breeds are not permitted as a safety precaution. For these reasons and more, it’s absolutely essential to call in advance of booking flights to inquire about specific pet policies, including security procedures, crate and carrier regulations, breed restrictions and plane changes.

Security

According to the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), “You will need to present the animal to the security officers at the checkpoint. You may walk your animal through the metal detector with you. If this is not possible, your animal will have to undergo a secondary screening, including a visual and physical inspection.” Not to worry, the TSA never places pets through the x-ray machine, but you will be asked to remove them from their carrier so they can be scanned. In order to avoid delays and mishaps, arrive early, carry less (you don’t need to deal with shoelaces, carrier, pet and camera bag all at the same time), and bring a leash and a treat for good behavior.

Carriers, Crates and Kennels

Ultimately, most pets are turned away at the gate for improper carrier fit. Requirements vary, but usually include waterproof flooring, good ventilation and secure clasps. Many of the airlines have an eight to nine inch height requirement for cabin carriers, but all of them insist that your pet be able to stand, turn around and lie down in the carrier. A soft-sided carrier is required for carry-on, as it can mold more easily when you place it under the seat in front of you.

Pets traveling in the cargo area of a plane require a hard-sided kennel, and your pet will be checked along with your baggage. You’ll be glad to know that the pet area is separate from the baggage area, pressurized, well lit, temperature controlled and loaded only by airline employees specially trained to handle pets. 

Plane Changes & Layovers

Airline rules also change depending on the type of aircraft and the airport. Puddle jumpers, for example, may not allow pets on board at all or have a cargo area suitable for animals. Just as well, some airlines won’t allow extended layovers for travelers with pets. The USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) also has requirements for animal transport regarding temperatures and time. Some airports have heated and air-conditioned tarmac vehicles while others don’t. Better to ask and be safe than not and be sorry.  

Driving Miss Kitty

Auto travel with your pet can be fun for you both, so long as you take a few good measures. Try to stop every two to three hours for short walks, water and nature calls. Just be sure to keep your friend leashed for safety. On long trips, feed your pet when you stop but only give him about 1/3 of what he normally eats, leaving plenty of time before returning to the road. Most likely, your buddy will sleep while you’re driving, but here’s a checklist to consider when traveling by car:

• Never leave your pal unattended in a car, ever.
• Secure your pet firmly in a harness, carrier or pet seat, never in your lap.
• Make sure he can see out the window and has water available.
• Place him where you can reach him for reassurance and comfort.
• Add a loved blanket or pet bed so he feels more at home.
• For cats, be sure to place a travel litter tray on the car floor.

Much like booking a flight, if you plan on renting a vehicle, ask about pet policies before hand to avoid any unwanted fees or penalties. Most rental car companies allow pets as long as the vehicle is returned in clean condition, although some are a bit stricter about pet dander and such.

Bunking with Buster

The good news is, pet-friendly lodging is fairly easy to come by. The bad news is, it usually comes with a nominal deposit, but if you follow the rules, you should have no problems. Upon check-in, ask for areas to walk your pet and also for any areas where he is prohibited. Allow your furry friend to explore his temporary digs, including your room and the surrounding area. Show him where he can find his bed, water and food. Don’t forget to bring a kennel! Even pet-friendly hotels require your pet be crated if left alone in your room. Finally, think about throwing the housekeeping staff a little something up front; it’s always nice to let them know you appreciate the extra effort.

Vacationing with your best pal can be fun for everyone, and websites like www.tripswithpets.com and www.petswelcome.com make planning a cinch. Each offers an easy way to search for pet-friendly hotels, activities, restaurants and the like by city, state and even route. So, next time you begin planning a trip, think about bringing along your four-legged friends. You’ll probably find you both enjoy the time together.

Have Pets, Will Travel Tips

By air, land or sea, here are a few extra tips for a carefree vacay with the family dog or cat.

• Never sedate or tranquilize your pet when traveling. These medications can interfere with equilibrium and intestinal stability in cars and severely interfere with respiratory and cardiovascular systems when flying. Talk to your vet about natural solutions, such as Dog Appeasement Pheremone (DAP) sprays and collars.   
• Get your buddy accustomed to his crate before you embark. Start by taking shorter drives to fun places like the park.
• Take a quick snapshot of your pal in case you get separated. Also make sure your furry friend has a collar that features your cell phone number or, even better, have your pal micro-chipped.
• Try to have your pet groomed before you leave so he’ll be clean, comfortable and more likely to endear himself to those around you. 
• Lightly feed your animal a few hours before you leave and then take him for a hearty stroll before heading out.
• Bring along food, water, travel dishes, treats, a favorite toy and maybe even a new one to spice up the adventure.

Good Eats for Canines – The Dish on Dog Food

By Hana Haatainen Caye

As intelligent human beings, we usually know when we’ve eaten too much of the wrong thing. And when our doctor tells us the long term consequences of our binges, we can make an informed decision to eat more nutritious meals and less of the bad stuff. Our pets don’t have that luxury. After all, Rex can’t read labels or shop at Whole Foods. That means he’s counting on you to fill his bowl with meals that’ll keep him healthy, happy and functioning at the highest level possible.

Fido is What Fido Eats

Like humans, dogs need vitamins and minerals, proteins, fats, carbohydrates and water in amounts that vary according to their weight. Plain and simple, most commercial dog foods, particularly low-cost economy brands, do not meet all the nutritional needs of all dogs. It is the over-consumption of these low-quality foods that leads to malnourishment and a laundry list of associated problems. Chronic infections, diseases of the digestive tract, arthritis, diarrhea, vomiting, bad smelling feces, loss of fur, allergies, circulatory problems, low energy levels, periodontal disease, stress and anxiety are among the many ailments associated with a poor diet. However, because most of these issues have several other causes, malnourishment can be tricky to diagnose. One should always consult with a vet to rule out any other possible causes before making any dietary changes.

It’s also important to note that, while emaciation is a strong indicator that a dog is malnourished, being overweight doesn’t rule it out. A portly pooch is just as likely to be suffering from poor nutrition and is doubly at risk for degenerative joint disease, diabetes, orthopedic problems and respiratory troubles. In order to avoid such life (and quality of life) threatening conditions, it’s absolutely vital to ensure your pet is eating the right kinds of food.

The Price of Premium

Unless you’re making well-researched meals from scratch, the best and simplest way to get your dog the nutrition he needs is to switch to premium dog food. Premium and super premium dog foods are specifically designed to provide a balanced meal with mostly organic, all-natural ingredients and no harmful fillers. Yes, premium is generally more expensive than economy brands initially, but it pays for itself in two very important ways. 

First, the more nutritious the food, the less your dog needs to consume. According to a study done by Nan Weitzman and Ross Becker on the website www.petcaretips.net, the suggested feeding for a 40 lb. dog is 6 cups per day of economy brand food, compared to 3 ¼ cups per day of premium food and 1 ¾ cups per day of super premium food.  That means you’ll have to buy over twice as much economy brand food in order to satisfy your dog’s nutritional needs. Secondly, your dog’s health will thrive when it is not being compromised by poor nutrition, which means fewer costly visits to the vet.

Nutrition 101

Not sold on premium? Healthy alternatives are out there; finding them just takes some nutritional know-how. Start by familiarizing yourself with your dog’s specific nutritional requirements by consulting with your vet. Resources like Better Food for Dogs: A Complete Cookbook and Nutrition Guide, by David Bastin, Jennifer Aston and Dr. Grant Nixon, D.V.M., which contains a comprehensive chart that can help you determine your pet’s exact nutritional needs, can also be invaluable.

Once you know what your dog needs, choosing wisely is a matter of reading labels carefully with an eye for quality ingredients. The AAFCO (Association of American Feed Control Office) has made this job easier for you by insisting that all dog food ingredients be listed by their common name and in order of weight. They also require that the guarantee analysis, feeding directions and calorie statements be included on every label.

Where’s the Beef, Barley & B12?

While there is a movement toward feeding dogs a vegan diet, this is generally not advisable. There are no complete proteins in plants, nor is there any vitamin B12. Plus, dogs need foods that are easily digestible and plants do not meet this criteria. A balanced dog food should have a specific meat listed as the first ingredient, followed by whole grains such as brown rice, barley or rolled oats. These are excellent sources of carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and protein. You’ll also want to look for niacin, preformed vitamin D and the amino acid Arginine.

Just Say No

As important as your dog’s needs are, it is equally important to pay attention to what your pup does not need. Fillers like beet pulp, for example, are believed to cause gastric torsion (potentially fatal bloating) in Bloodhounds and similar heavy-chested breeds. Other ingredients to avoid include:

• Synthetic Preservatives: Usually found in low-cost, low-quality foods, artificial preservatives such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ), propyl gallate, and ethoxyquin have been linked to cancer in animals. Look for natural preservatives such as Tocopherol (vitamin E), ascorbic acid (vitamin C), citric acid and rosemary extract.

• Meat Meal and/or Bone Meal: According to Earl Mindell, R.Ph., Ph. D. and Elizabeth Renaghan in the book Earl Mindell’s Nutrition and Health for Dogs, if the meat on the label is not specified as lamb, beef, chicken, etc. and is not marked human-grade or USDA, there is a possibility it came from diseased, drugged and decaying animals.

• Fish Meal: According to the U.S. Coast Guard regulations, all fish meal not destined for human consumption must be conserved with ethoxyquin, a substance that can be poisonous to animals.

• By-Products: Ingredients like hulls, crushed peanut shells, crushed corn cobs and mill run are unnecessary fillers. They offer no nutritional value and are difficult for animals to digest.

• Cellulose: Another filler with no nutritional value, cellulose is the pulp from fibrous plant materials, usually wood. 

As you read labels, make sure you also check the expiration or processed-on date. Dog foods with no synthetic preservatives typically have a shelf life of no longer than six months. A complete list of ingredients to avoid can be found at www.dogfoodproject.com, along with a detailed explanation on what to watch out for on food labels. 

Feeding Time

Regardless of the food source, be sure to abide by the feeding directions on the labels. A pooch that is overeating premium food is going to end up with many of the same weight-related issues as his overweight, economy brand-eating cousin. Dividing food up into 2-3 small meals per day, depending on your dog’s weight requirements, is advisable. A handy online calorie counter to help you determine how many cups of food your dog should be eating daily can be found at www.the-puppy-dog-place.com.

The way to a dog’s health is through his stomach. It may take some adjustments to get your dog on the road to good health through nutrition, but the long term effects are plentiful. Choose wisely. It will be worth every extra tail wag!

The Top 10 Premium Dog Foods

According to www.the-puppy-dog-place.com

1. Innova Evo: Made with high quality meats and has the highest protein content of any meat-based dry food.
2. Orijen: This ‘biologically-appropriate’ food is composed of 70% meat and 30% fruits and vegetables.
3. Canidae: All natural and holistic, only human-grade ingredients are used in Canidae’s line of grained and grain-free formulas.
4. Solid Gold: Eight ranges of dog foods are packed in special ‘foil barrier’ bags, eliminating the need for preservatives or flavor enhancers.
5. Blue Buffalo: Gluten-free recipes developed by holistic veterinarians and animal nutritionists. Size and age-specific formulas are available.
6. Natural Balance: Dick Van Patten’s brand made it on the list with organic, hypoallergenic and reduced calorie varieties.
7. Nature’s Variety: Another holistic brand that is 100% free of corn, wheat, soy, chemicals and artificial colors and preservatives.
8. Timberwolf Organics: Contains high levels of animal-based protein, multiple grains, fruits, vegetables, seeds and herbs.
9. Wellness: Offers a wide range of holistic offerings, including the Simple Food Solutions line which is perfect for pups suffering from food allergies or sensitivities.
10. California Natural: Another good choice for dogs with allergies, this brand offers high quality, nutrient-rich, chemical-free formulas that are age and size-specific.

Pup-Psychology – Therapy for Your Troubled Companion

By Lisha Ross

Rudy the Rude Dog more than earned his nickname. A purebred German Shorthair with a hot temper, he was prone to attacking unfamiliar dogs and exhibiting aggressive, territorial behavior. Despite all his shock collar and obedience training, and a mild, loving manner inside the home, his gnarling turf wars with neighborhood dogs left Rudy’s owners with few options to ponder, the least desirable being euthanasia. With nowhere else to turn, Rudy’s owners took him to a pet psychologist. What came of just one session was nothing short of a miraculous turnaround. After careful observation of Rudy’s mannerisms, the psychologist was able to pinpoint his triggers and teach his owners practical strategies to correct his aggressive behavior.

Sound like a furry-tale? Rudy’s story is, in fact, non-fiction, and he’s far from alone. According to Stephen Zawistowski, Ph.D., CAAB, Executive Vice President, National Programs and Science Advisor, American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA), “Behavior problems are the most common reason given for the surrender of companion dogs and cats to animal shelters in the United States.” Pet psychologists can and do help eliminate this problem by applying scientific principles of animal behavior to, as Zawistowski states, “mediate conflicts or problems that exist between humans and animals in a way that does not require killing or hurting animals.” It worked for Rudy; it might just work for your troubled pet, too.

Fido vs. Freud

Just as humans are susceptible to angst from a variety of sources, so too are our pets, making emotional support and social cultivation key points in a healthy human-to-pet or pet-to-pet relationship. It is when those relationships are jeopardized by a pet’s fear, nervousness, anxiety, jealousy, compulsive behavior and aggression that a professional pet psychologist can save the day.

A pet psychologist, more formally known as a Certified Applied Animal Behaviorist (CAAB), is a professional that has studied the science of animal behavior in depth, giving them intimate knowledge about the instincts and social rituals of cats, dogs and other animals. With that knowledge, CAABs use scientific principles to identify and diagnose troublesome behaviors and devise a plan to modify them.

Though it’s tempting to throw them into the same category, pet psychology is not obedience training, which is oftentimes based on a system of dominance, negative consequences, control and bribes for good behavior. On the contrary, pet psychology works by establishing leadership, mutual respect and a clear pack structure via positive reinforcement and compassion. While obedience training may help with some issues, such as basic manners and obeying commands, when it comes to deep seeded behavioral and emotional problems, it may not be enough. According to Pearl Kam, Animal Wellness Consultant for Gentle Care Natural Pet Products, obedience training and the rewards that come with it may please both owner and pet superficially, but psychological training helps animals be happy on a deeper level, as they will learn how to live with humans by managing their natural instincts. 

On the Couch

So, how does one go about teaching an animal to manage their natural instincts in an unnatural environment? Well, it starts with a firm understanding of pack mentality, something educated behaviorists are well versed in. Put simply, pack animals have a pecking order; as such, they fair best when there is a clear leader, one that offers protection and support. Furthermore, animals respond better to a leader that is calm, alert and in firm control. Excitability, anger and fear are all emotions that animals pick up on. Meek animals will emulate these behaviors; dominant ones will attempt to assert their own control over the situation. Similarly, if an animal is confused as to whom the leader of the pack is, they are equally bound to lose confidence and act erratically.

The role of a pet psychologist, as Kam states, is to “redirect [these] unwanted natural behaviors and instincts, without suppression, in order to help human caretakers adapt animals to our society in a safe and acceptable manner.”  To that end, a behaviorist will interview you about your current situation, observe your pet, diagnose its problem and draw up a solution. To be sure, you, as the owner and leader of the pack, will be doing most of the work. More often than not, it will be your responsibility to learn how to communicate effectively with your pet. This may mean learning how to control your body language, tone of voice, and reaction when your pet’s behavior gets unruly.  

 The Dog-ter Is In

When searching for the right specialist for you and your pet, it’s important to note that the terminology can get confusing. There are Animal Behavior Counselors, Animal Behaviorists and Veterinary Behaviorists, so it can be challenging to find one suitable for your unique situation. The difference among them has to do with certification.

• Behavior Counselor: While there are some self-recognized Behavior Counselors out there, they do not require certification or accreditation. These professionals could be of some help when it comes to minor behavioral problems, but they may not have the kind of expertise in animal behavior necessary to address more complex conditions.

• Certified Applied Animal Behaviorist (CAAB): CAABs, the pet’s equivalent to a human psychologist, are required to have an M.S. or Ph.D. and certification by the Animal Behaviorist Society (ABS). They can be of assistance when an animal’s behavior has become so unruly that you are considering euthanasia or turning your pet over to a shelter.  

• Veterinary Behaviorists: Veterinary Behaviorists, the equivalent of a psychiatrist, are doubly adept, as they can treat any medical issues that may be the cause of your animal’s behavior. For example, if your dog suddenly begins to urinate inside the home, he/she could be suffering from diabetes, kidney disease, cystitis or a number of other conditions. VBs must have a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) plus a residency in animal behavior and certification by the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA).

The one you choose depends on the severity of your situation and your confidence level in that professional. Start by asking friends or a trusted veterinarian for a recommendation. If that leads you to a dead end, pick up the yellow pages and call area veterinarians. Armed with a list of contact names, call each one and inquire about their education, certification, and if they have experience dealing with your particular problem. While certification is important, it’s even more important to find someone that is patient, relaxed and possesses an obvious love for animals. And since the psychologist will be working with you as much, if not more than with your pet, you should also seek out a professional whom you like and respect.  The right professional, regardless of certification, should use a non-violent technique, and if you have any doubts about their methods or treatment of your animal, don’t hesitate to fire them and move on.

We all need a little help sometimes, whether it’s advice from a trusted friend or assurance from someone we love. But in the real tough times, when emotions run hot or fear gets the best of us, we must turn to a professional for guidance and support. Animals are no different.  Help your beloved companion get the help he or she needs by turning to a pet psychologist. It can do more than save your relationship; it can save lives.

Sidebar

Help is On the Way

Although pet psychology and emotional therapy is a growing field, professionals with accreditation are difficult to come by. Crista Coppola is the only CAAB in Las Vegas and can be reached at 609-7991 or by email at Crista@dogandco.com. At Dog and Company, Crista specializes in a variety of services ranging from home consultations to group workshops. Discover how she can help you help your pet at www.dogandco.com.

For a list of CAABs and Veterinary Behaviorists in surrounding cities that may offer consultations over the phone, visit the Directory of Certified Applied Animal Behaviorists at www.certifiedanimalbehaviorist.com.

The Young and the Pet-less – Responsible Pet Ownership for Kids

By Ashlee Verba

For many children, family pets are lifelong friends that provide loving companionship while teaching lasting lessons of responsibility and selflessness. Yet, as much as your child may promise to take care of a new household family member, it’s up to you to choose a pet that the kids can reasonably be responsible for on their own. Harm to your little ones (not to mention you doing all the work), can be the result of overzealous children with unrealistic expectations of what it really takes to care for another life. Still, if you’re satisfied your family is ready to take the animal kingdom plunge, a few tips on choosing the right pet and getting your kids to share in the care can go a long way for happy and successful cohabitation.   

Not All Pets are Created Equal

Most experts say a child is ready for a pet around age 6, but it is up to you to determine your child’s maturity level, keeping in mind that all pets need food, water and cleaning up after…even after the excitement of having a new pet has worn off. Starting with a dog or cat–both animals that require a level of attention and care that most young children are not capable of providing–may not be the way to go.  Instead, consider choosing an animal that eases your child into pet ownership, helping them to recognize that an animal, no matter how big or small, is a life that depends on them. 

The Don’ts

Even though they have cute little cages or habitats, with all the accessories to match, not all animals at the local pet store require the same level of care.  With extra attention these animals can make great pets, but they may not be the best choice for first time, junior pet owners.

• Hamsters & Gerbils: Sure they’re cute and fuzzy, but they’re also nocturnal, noisily running on their exercise wheel by night, while cranky and prone to nipping when kids think it’s playtime during daylight hours.  They’re also master escape artists, just waiting for that cage door to be left open after feeding time. 
• Iguanas and Box Turtles: Besides providing a spacious habitat that allows for free movement (there isn’t an aquarium made that’s large enough to maintain appropriate living conditions for these reptiles), iguanas and turtles require full spectrum lighting bulbs, calcium supplements, heat lamps and special handling requirements due to salmonella concerns.  Iguanas are not particularly friendly and can pack a nasty bite, while box turtles can live to be more than 100 years old. 
• Rabbits: Popular as a living Easter Bunny, they require a large living space that can protect them from dogs and cats  that consider them natural prey.  Rabbits are easily frightened, subjecting kids to nasty bites and scratches, and when left to roam in the home, will chew through just about anything, including electrical wires.

Other animals, including large birds, exotics like ferrets or minks and specialized fish, are also inappropriate for teaching children how to care for a first time pet.

The Dos

While the following animals still require an attentive level of care, they may be better suited for first time owners.

• Goldfish, Female Beta Fish and Hermit Crabs: Fairly hearty, these first time pets require a clean, small aquarium and daily feeding.  Children can help with feeding and cleaning, but parents will have to monitor how much is fed since fish can perish from too much food.
• Rats: Contrary to popular belief, rats are exceptionally clean animals, highly intelligent and much easier to hold than gerbils or hamsters. They require very little upkeep, and can even be taught to do tricks.
• Corn Snake or Leopard Gecko: Much easier to care for than iguanas or box turtles, these are a much better choice if your somewhat older child insists  on a reptile. Both can comfortably live in a medium sized aquarium with a heat source, but require live food including a weekly mouse or crickets.
• Guinea Pigs: A wonderful first time pet, these cute little animals rarely bite, like to be gently handled, and even purr when petted.  They don’t require specialized food and are larger than gerbils and hamsters, which prevents them from escaping their living quarters.

Regardless of which first time pet you choose, make sure to get information on the web or local pet store for proper care.

Reinforcing Responsibility

Once you’ve purchased that perfect new pet, it’s time to prepare your children for the real work involved in its care.  Using information from books or internet research on keeping your particular animal healthy, write down a schedule of tasks required.  Break down the tasks for daily, weekly and monthly action, assigning duties as is appropriate for their age.  It may help to create a visual schedule of these responsibilities that can be posted adjacent to a daily chore list or next to the animal’s cage.  Attaching a pencil or marker to the chart can also be helpful for checking off duties that might get forgotten.  Keep in mind that younger kids may need help with cage or tank cleaning, but can probably feed and provide water with little assistance as long as they’re being held accountable for doing so. 

Minding your Pet Manners

How your child interacts with animals is probably the biggest part of building a positive, lifelong child/pet relationship. Monitoring all interactions is important in the beginning, allowing you to teach your child good pet manners as they go, in addition to preventing any unfavorable outcomes.

• Establish firm rules prior to bringing the pet home. Make sure your children know that teasing, poking, prodding, pulling and yelling are no way to treat a family member and will not be tolerated. Explain that animals are just like people in that they want only love and safety in their homes.

• It’s important for your child to understand that, while their family pet loves its family, it needs alone time too. Especially when eating, playing with a toy or sleeping. (Use the reciprocity rule: “Would you like to be pulled away from your breakfast or woken up when you’re sleeping?”)
• Teach them to heed obvious warnings: hissing, lip curling or showing teeth, and frantic squirming to get away. These are all signs that their pet wants to be left alone.
• Make sure they know injured animals tend to be more edgy; if they see that their (or any) pet is hurt, instruct them to notify an adult before trying to comfort the animal.
• Strongly reinforce that your child always ask permission before approaching an unfamiliar pet.

Choosing the right pet and allowing your kids to be part of the care giving process is rewarding all around: you’re teaching your child the responsibility of caring for something, your child is learning what it is to be a responsible, loving pet owner and your pet is feeling loved and taken care of.   By involving your children in as many aspects of care as they can handle, they can grow to be considerably more knowledgeable pet owners in the future, or possibly more importantly, learn that pets just aren’t for them in the first place.

Pet Fostering – A Temporary Home for Permanent Well-being

By Ashlee Verba

When 36-year-old Laurie of Missouri discovered fostering, she first asked for a friendly, house-broken dog to keep her Great Dane, Remi, company. Two years later, the self-proclaimed Dog Foster Mom (as she rightfully named her blog) fosters multiple animals at once and has developed a special affection for blind and deaf dogs, one of whom she adopted for her own.  Without fostering, Laurie would have never learned she wanted to help deaf dogs. And without people like Laurie, many amazing animals would remain homeless, or worse, get euthanized.

Overcrowding is the most prominent issue facing shelters. Without fostering programs, approximately 4-5 million homeless cats and dogs will be euthanized by the 5,000 shelters that span the nation. Fostering can and does decrease this number by thousands each year. Consider it a life-saving cycle, of sorts.

If you’re the type who loves animals, but don’t necessarily have the means or desire to adopt a pet as a lifelong companion, pet fostering is a way you can save an animal’s life while contributing to their well-being for a short period of time.

Fostering 4-1-1

In the animal world, to foster is to provide a temporary home for domestic pets ranging from cats and dogs to horses and rabbits. A general “foster period” lasts until the animal receives a permanent adoptive home, usually an average of one week to three months, although in some cases it may take up to a year or longer. Younger animals usually get adopted more quickly than older ones, so when gauging how long you may be interested in helping, keep in mind that age is certainly a factor. If a situation were to arise where you simply couldn’t wait for an adoptive family, however, the organization will find a new foster family.  

What’s important to remember is that just because fostering is temporary doesn’t mean it is a quick pet fix or a pet ownership trial period. It requires a solid commitment and effort on your part, regardless of time frame. Much like children, bouncing from home to home is never positive for an animal, so please don’t commit yourself unless you’re positive that you are willing and able.

What’s Expected of You

Being ‘able’ stems largely from dedication and consistency; both are important factors in caring for a pet. Before fostering, make sure your lifestyle will allow about three to four hours of free time each day to dedicate to your companion, though more time together is always better. These four hours include feeding the animal and letting it outside two to three times per day, in addition to an hour or two of exercise, ranging largely on the type of animal, breed and socialization. A two year old Chihuahua certainly won’t require the exercise an eight month old Australian Shepherd would. Nor would a Lab pup require the extra training an anti-social Akita might. And cats and rabbits, well, they don’t do well on leashes. These are all very important factors in deciding which type of pet is right for you.

Like adoption, the potential foster parent usually has to fill out an application and, in some cases, have their home surveyed for pet friendliness. If you have other pets at home, a meet-and-greet is required as is proof that your other animals are vaccinated. Other conditions may apply depending on the animal, but the basic protocol is to make sure you and your home are safe, ready and pet friendly, including a positive living environment and ample backyard space for larger breeds. If you are a first-time fosterer, you can find peace in knowing that the organization for which you’re fostering is an excellent resource when it comes to any questions, comments or concerns about whether or not your home is a good fit.

While fostering, you are responsible for providing food, water, shelter, guidance and any necessary veterinary care for the animal. Many organizations provide funding for vet bills, but not all. It is important to be aware of your financial responsibilities before you make the decision to foster.

What You Can Expect

Taking in an unknown animal can yield a lot of apprehension. Will it be mild mannered and trusting or yappy and hyper? The fact is, homeless animals come in all shapes and sizes, ranging from the naïve puppy that knows people only as loving food providers, to the feisty veteran that has had only negative experiences with humans or other animals. You can breathe a sigh of relief that your efforts won’t be taken for granted by an organization handing you a Tasmanian devil and telling you to figure it out.

In addition to providing free pet care and training classes, as well as “counseling” to address any questions or concerns, rescue organizations do their very best to match you with a pet they feel will suit your lifestyle and time limitations. If you have a holiday trip planned six months from now, have no fear; the organization will find you a pet that they feel will be adopted in that time frame. If you’re frigid about your furniture, the organization will match you with a short-haired companion who doesn’t show an interest in chewing. Furthermore, as a foster parent, you can enroll your temporary pal in as many training courses as you’d like; the possibilities really are endless for the lucky pet whose life you’re changing.

New Besties

One particular challenge to fostering for most people is having to say goodbye to the cuddly furball you’ve cared for over the course of weeks, months and sometimes years.  You will naturally form affection for the animal you foster, but the best part of your newfound love is that, though the organization gets the final say, as the foster parent you have a big part in deciding who adopts the animal. It may even be you! Temporary parents are encouraged to adopt if they so choose, so you may not have to part ways after all.

Among the multitude of warm fuzzies you’ll feel daily, the biggest reward in fostering is knowing that you gave an animal a shelter, a warm bed, and the biggest possible advantage for having a happy life. If you have the space in your home and love in your heart for any type of animal, reward yourself by changing your life and theirs: foster.

Fostering Resources

Ok, you’ve decided you want to help…now what? You can start by visiting Vegas Animal Rescue, a cumulative source for shelters and rescues in the Las Vegas area at http://vegasanimalrescue.giving.officelive.com or head down to PetSmart, PetCo or one of the following shelters and talk with someone about getting started.

Nevada SPCA No-Kill Animal Sanctuary

www.nevadaspca.org

702-873-7722

Foreclosed Upon Pets Rescue

www.forecloseduponpets.org

702-272-0010

Heaven Can Wait Sanctuary

www.hcws.org

702-227-5555

Las Vegas Valley Humane Society

www.lvvhumane.org

702-434-2009

Henderson Animal Control and Care Facility www.cityofhenderson.com/animal_control/contact_us.php

702-267-4970

Boulder City Animal Shelter

www.petfinder.com/shelters/NV27.html

702-293-9283

Noah’s Animal House

www.noahsanimalhouse.org

702-385-0072

Adopt a Rescue Pet (Amargosa Valley)

www.adoptarescuepet.org

702-798-8663

If you have a strong liking toward a certain breed, multiple rescues with foster programs exist for that breed. One search on the Internet will take you where you want to be. Just type the breed + fostering and you’ll be well on your way.

Tips for Treating – A Proper Prize for Pooch

By Ashlee Verba

You know they know where you keep them, what sound the wrapping makes and what exact trick will seal the deal in earning that glorious prize. When it comes to incentives, nothing does it quite like a good treat. But what makes a good treat good? As owners, we buy what we think our pets enjoy most, be it the taste of bacon or the chewiness of those sweet potato morsels. But what we rarely consider is what goes into those treats that go into your dog and how it might affect his overall health.

Regulation

Dog treats are federally regulated under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) established by the Food and Drug Administration. Yet, even with regulations in place, there’s still some question as to the nutritional value of animal treats. Think hot dogs or frozen fish sticks; the FDA may approve them as “edible”, but the impossibly long list of ingredients might make you suspect otherwise. A mish mash of pieces and parts, additives, preservatives, artificial flavors and other chemicals make them some of the most unhealthy food on the market. The same may hold true for your go-to pet treat.

A Winning Strategy

Finding the best treat for Fido is all about reading labels. Similar to human food, ingredients are listed in order of weight, meaning the first few make up the bulk of it. Because dogs are primarily carnivores, ideally you want a treat that has meat listed as one of the first ingredients, followed shortly by vegetables, fruits and natural preservatives like rosemary. A good rule of thumb to follow is that the easier and more recognizable the ingredients the better.

Things to avoid include artificial colors or flavors, high levels of sodium, sugar, saturated or trans-fats, propyl gallate (a potentially cancer causing preservative) and byproducts. Byproducts, whether meat or grain, are simply cheap fillers used to make more product with less money. While meat byproducts contribute a small amount of protein, they typically consist of parts not favorable for human consumption, i.e. necks, heads, feet, intestines, kidneys, brain, spleens, bone meal and “digest of beef or chicken”, which refers to undecomposed flesh. Since dogs in the wild would generally eat these parts of the animal anyway, albeit in more natural proportions, the inherent problem with byproduct is not simply what it is but where it comes from.  There is no quality control or regulation on where these meat parts are obtained. At worst, they could have come from animals that were deemed inedible and rejected by butchers. If you could get sick from it, do you really want your pooch eating it?

In some cases the word “byproduct” will be on the ingredient list, as in “lamb byproduct”, but they aren’t always so obviously named.  “Potato product” and “grain fermentation soluble” are grain byproducts that should also be avoided. Treats containing byproducts can be up to 70% carbohydrates–the dietary recommendation for dogs is only 30%. Too many carbs in Fido’s diet could lead to digestive issues as well as all the long-term effects of obesity.

Tip: Avoid the carb/additive/preservative overload by selecting a treat labeled “Certified Organic” by such makers as Wet Noses, Karma and Plato.

Lactose and other dairy products should also be avoided in both store-bought and homemade treats. Most canines don’t have enough of the enzyme lactase in their system to break it down, which can cause gas, diarrhea and even inflammation of the pancreas. High sugar levels should be avoided as well, as sugar creates an excellent environment for the over-growth of bad bacteria in the mouth and stomach, which can lead to digestive issues and discomfort.

Long-Term Chew Treats

So what about rawhide bones and pig ears? The ingredient is pretty straightforward, but there are still particulars to look for on the label. Both are typically treated with chemicals when being processed; however, U.S. produced rawhide and pig ears are held to sanitation and production standards, whereas those produced in other countries may have been treated with toxic or illegal chemicals. To ensure your mutt isn’t biting off more than he bargained for, make sure you purchase chews that have been manufactured in the United States. Don’t be fooled by pictures of American flags on the packaging or ambiguous statements like “Made from U.S. beef” either; it must specifically say “Made in U.S.A.”

Rawhide chews and pig ears have pros and cons. Nutritionally speaking, rawhide is high in protein, around 80-85%, contains 10-12% fiber/moisture and 1-2% fat, making it lower in fat than pig ears. It also contains fewer calories per ounce than the typical dog biscuit. This particular type of treat should only be chewed for a few hours per day. Pig ears, on the other hand, contain little nutritional value and are very high in fat. For this reason, they should be considered a special occasion treat only. 

Each lets your dog indulge his natural desire to chew while strengthening his jaws, scraping plaque and alleviating teething pain in puppies. They can also act as a mental stimulant for older, less active dogs. For voracious chewers, problems may arise when large chunks of rawhide are consumed. Enzymes in the stomach can cause a piece to soften and enlarge, which could result in a digestive blockage requiring surgery to fix. Both pig ears and rawhides also have the potential to splinter or break off in small, jagged pieces that can perforate the intestines.

If your dog is an aggressive chewer/swallower, monitor his chew time closely; if he tends to break off large pieces and swallow them or you notice the treat is splintering, toss it and find an alternative. All-natural bully sticks are a good option to stave off boredom, but should only be given for 2 hours per day for their poor nutritional values. If your dog insists on devouring chews rather than chewing them up slowly, try sticking with treats that are meant for instant consumption.

Natural and Homemade Treats

Of course there is always the option of obtaining treats on your own terms. If you want to give a dog a bone, remember that pork, chicken and other poultry bones are not an option. They are far too thin, splinter easily and can also get lodged in the throat or roof of the mouth. Beef bones are best, specifically knuckles, and your local butcher just might have one for you. Just be sure to select a size appropriate to your breed. You don’t want to give a Great Dane a golf ball sized bone he can easily swallow. Make sure it has neither been cooked nor frozen at any point, as that increases the chance for splintering. No matter the type of bone, there’s always a choking risk. Always monitor your dog’s consumption.

To bypass mass producing companies altogether and support local commerce, try visiting treat bakeries like Barking Dogs Bakery & Boutique, Three Dog Bakery and Alaska Bakery.  These businesses offer fresh-baked treats for pets made from natural ingredients and a lot of love. Pet treateries are increasing in popularity and can be found all over Las Vegas; Google the one nearest you.

Great dogs deserve great treats. Make sure they’re getting what they deserve, even if that just means making the small step to consciously read the label.

A Tasty Treat Fit for Humans

Nothing says lovin’ like homemade goodies from the oven. Spoil your pooch with this easy, home baked treat.

Ingredients:

• ¼ cup chicken broth
• ⅓ cup cottage cheese (fat content is up to you)
• ⅓ cup mashed black beans
• ½  lb uncooked ground beef
• 1 teaspoon soy sauce

Preheat oven to 375°F.

Mash together ground meat, soy sauce and chicken broth in a mixing bowl. Add cottage cheese and mashed black beans to the mixture. Combine all the ingredients and mold small cookies into bone shape. Grease a cookie sheet and place treats in even rows. Bake for 45 minutes. Cool and serve.

The Golden (Retriever) Years – A Care Guide for Elderly Pets

By Lisha Ross

Just like humans, our beloved pets suffer from the aches, diminished senses and other issues that inevitably come with growing old. And, like humans, elderly pets require certain lifestyle changes and TLC to help them cope. Nothing if not adaptable, your pet will probably take to aging more readily than most people, but since there is no AARP for advice and help, it’s your job as a loving pet owner to observe changes in behavior, determine if a symptom is problematic, and make the adjustments necessary to ensure your pet’s golden years are as safe and comfortable as possible.

You’re How Old?

 Is your pet eligible for the senior discount? Aging depends on breed type and the care they received in their youth, so only you and your vet will know if your pet is in need of special care. Large dog breeds like Great Danes tend to age faster and are considered “seniors” at age six or seven, whereas small dogs like poodles don’t mature until their teen years. Cats are usually considered elderly around 10-12 years.

In general, after the age of seven it’s important that your pet visits the vet annually, especially if they’re slowing down, sleeping more often, have cloudy or bluish eyes or loss of muscle mass.  More serious symptoms, including arthritis, incontinence, lumps or masses, heart disease and organ failure, and sight or hearing loss, may require diagnosis, medication and possibly surgery–that is for your vet to decide. Whatever issues your aging pet is experiencing, a few changes at home can help Fido and Biggles get around just fine.

I’m Sorry, What?

Reduced hearing and sight are common in elderly pets. While the adjustment phase may be frustrating for the pet and heartbreaking to watch, animals generally adapt quickly to the loss, relying on their keen sense of smell and touch to guide them in the right direction; you simply need to set the stage for a speedy comeback.

Hearing Loss

The moment you identify hearing loss in your pet, i.e. Fido stops responding to your calls or the sound of his favorite squeaky toy, it’s time to take action. Dogs who respond well to verbal commands can quickly learn hand signals with proper training. Check out www.deafdogs.com to learn how “good dog” can be replaced with a thumbs-up, and “sit” can be replaced with a palm to the floor gesture. Hand signal training a pet after it has completely lost its hearing is more challenging, although not impossible with patience. It’s important to remember, though, that hand signals are useless if the animal can’t see you. They also can’t hear a car horn or an aggressive barking dog. That’s why it’s imperative to keep a deaf pet on a leash and in close proximity when outside of the house.

Sight Loss

Indications of blindness include a cloudy film over the eyes, failure to notice movement if not accompanied by sound, or bumping into things. (A grayish-blue haze over the eye is common in elderly pets, but is not always indicative of sight loss.) You should consult a veterinary ophthalmologist if you notice any of these conditions, as certain treatments can keep a cataract at bay. For blind animals or those that are losing their sight, the first and most obvious rule is not to move around furniture, their bed or food dish. If you do move big furniture, walk the animal around the house on a leash a few times, allowing it to brush up against the large pieces before letting it run free. A few tricks to blind-proof your home include:

• Cushion corners and other surfaces that could injure your pet.

• Use different oil-based scents, like pine, cedar or lavender, to mark the location of beds, eating areas, wall corners, the bottom edges of large furniture, etc., or create a path from, say, the doggy door to the dog run. Avoid citrus for cats; they don’t like it.

• Create paths around the house with textured carpet or runners. Use different textures to mark different paths; for example, lay a low pile rug from the bed to the back door and a plastic runner from the bed to the eating area.

• Put bells or jingling tags on other pets so they can guide your ailing mutt. You may also want to put a bell on your own shoe so your pet knows when you’re nearby.

• If possible, teach your pet cues such as “easy” to use when he approaches something in his path or “step up” when he comes to a stair or curb.

More items, from noisy toys to seat belt harnesses and “halo” collars, can be found at www.blindpets.com. With these items in place, allow your pet to move about and adapt to his new world without interfering constantly. Giving in to pity and carrying your pet to different spots in the house can result in further disorientation and should be avoided. It’s especially dangerous to lift an animal onto a sofa or kitty tree landing, as they can easily have a nasty spill.

The Double Whammy

Animals that go deaf and blind need extra special care; hand signals and bells will be obsolete, and your pet will likely demand more personal attention due to anxiety. To ease deaf-blind pet woes, make sure they have a safe retreat and know how to get there. Use baby gates to keep them confined to areas they are most familiar with. They must also be supervised closely or kept on a leash when exploring the outdoors, especially by pools or drop offs. Provide affection often, but again, avoid the temptation to overly baby deaf-blind pets. In a well-proofed home, they will eventually learn how to get along just fine. 

Arthritis and Stiff Joints

If your pet seems to be lame after exercise, appears stiff when getting up, walks more slowly, is reluctant to jump or climb stairs, has difficulty squatting or experiences pain when touched on his back or hip, he may be suffering from arthritis. In all cases, you should consult your vet, who may prescribe pain or anti-inflammatory medication.

With or without medicine, you can make your pal’s life easier with raised eating platforms, ramps and steps, nonskid mats and booties, warming beds with soft pillows, and sweaters for damp days, all readily available at your local pet store. ComfortLift Carrier slings and harnesses (www.drfostersmith.com) are also helpful in lifting your pet and taking strain off their bodies as they walk. Light exercise and short walks are good for arthritic animals, but refrain from forcing them to move faster than they seem comfortable with. Gentle animal massage can also be effective in easing arthritic pain. You can learn the basics on www.ehow.com, or if you really want to show how much you care, UNLV offers certification courses in animal massage. 

Incontinence

Biggles is well-trained and hasn’t had an accident since he was a pup. Why now? Well, incontinence just happens. Refrain from punishing your pet, using diapers and disposable puppy pads to avoid messes instead. Make sure to trim their hair in areas that tend to get soiled, and consult your vet about treatment options.

Aging is a natural, unstoppable process, but you can make it easier on the little guys. No matter the symptom, your aim is to give your pet the same lifestyle you’d like in your older years; calm, relaxed and as healthy as possible. It’s just a tiny gift you can give back to the ones who’ve given you so much unconditional love.

An Itch, a Scratch and a Sneeze – Helping Your Pet Survive Allergy Season

By Ashlee Verba

For most people, spring is a time for outdoor activities and sunshine. For allergy sufferers, it’s a time of blooming sneezes and Benadryl, and humans aren’t the only creatures susceptible to that stuffy head, itchy eye feeling. In fact, cats (an estimated 15% in the United States) as well as dogs also suffer the discomforts of allergies caused by a variety of sources, be it food, inhalants, mold, pollen or dander. Constant scratching, watery eyes, sneezing, inflammation and skin irritation are all signs that your pet is suffering from the perils of the season. The good news is, like human allergies, pet allergies are treatable, no matter the type or source.

Contact

A contact allergy is a reaction to something your pet comes into contact with. For cats, a common cause is plants, usually those with oily leaves. Carpet or carpet cleaners, dust, household cleaners, newspapers/magazines or even kitty litter can also cause adverse reactions. The giveaway sign in both animals is skin irritation, including hives, bumps or blisters, constant scratching and/or patches of missing fur. In cats, skin irritation is most noticeable on the ears, chin, stomach, inner thighs and underneath their tail. Dogs exhibit these problems on their stomach, feet or snout. A simple dose of Benadryl can usually eliminate the problem. The general rule-of-thumb is 25 milligrams of medicine per 15 pounds of body weight, but talk to your vet first. He can prescribe a topical treatment or, in severe cases, a steroid shot.

Food

Food allergies are less common but still occur. Table scraps are rarely healthful; however, human food isn’t the only culprit. Your feline could be allergic to the poultry products in their food (most commonly turkey or chicken), while dogs may be allergic to either the protein source or grains, like wheat, gluten, corn or soy. If your cat is losing weight, picking out certain pieces of food, has a bloated belly, vomits after eating and/or there is blood in their urine or stool, they are most likely suffering a food allergy. Only 15% of allergy suffering dogs are allergic to food, but the tell tale signs for a dog are itching, especially of the face, feet, limbs and anus, ear problems or skin infections that react to antibiotics but reoccur once that treatment has stopped, vomiting and softer, more frequent stools. Try switching to a food with a different grain content or protein source for 6 weeks. If food does turn out to be the problem, it is recommended to rotate the food periodically, as more exposure to a certain ingredient can fuel allergies. If symptoms persist, your vet may want to administer a prescription food.

Mold is another possible source for allergies, mainly (if not exclusively) in dogs, as it produces a poisonous byproduct, myotoxin, that can affect the immune system and cause itching. It will grow anywhere there is an abundance of moisture with a lack of ventilation, and has been known to grow on the wheat, corn or peanut hulls used in dog food.  Make sure to store your dog’s food in a dry area, and if you smell anything out of the ordinary, look the food over; if there’s any doubt, throw it out.

Inhalants

Inhalant allergies occur when tiny airborne particles are breathed in, irritating the nasal passages and upper respiratory system, which results in sneezing, watery eyes and difficulty breathing. Constant watering of the eyes is the giveaway sign that your animal is having an allergic reaction to something in the air. Pollen allergies are common, but the everyday source of inhalant allergies are household aerosol sprays/cleaning products. The best treatment for inhalant allergies is a vet’s prescription for pills or drops.

Insects

Fleas are the number one instigators of allergic reactions in dogs and cats. If you see bumps on the skin, constant scratching or loss of fur, check to see if there are black things resembling dirt scattered on your pet’s skin. If there are, your vet must first treat the allergic reaction with a topical treatment or medication, then treat the fleas once the skin is healed. Prescription flea treatments are recommended more than over-the-counter ones, as is the treatment of your home so your beloved companion doesn’t get re-infected.

Bites and stings are another problem, often resulting in inflammation. If your curious cat or canine returns home with an inflamed…anything, try a dose of Benadryl.

Other Pets

Like humans, dogs may also be allergic to other pets, especially cats. A protein called FelD1 (pronounced Feldy One) is found in cat saliva and, when dry, flakes off the cat’s fur into your home. Being so sticky and lightweight, FelD1 can attach itself to just about anything, including nasal passages. Both potent and resistant, it can remain active in a home for at least 10 years. Dreadfully, the best solution is bathing your cat as frequently as they’ll tolerate.  If your cat absolutely rejects bathing, products like Allerpet C or DanderSeal help seal the allergen to your cat’s body, although they aren’t as effective as a good scrubbing. You may also consider Allersearch X-Mite powder (Aller-Caire; 800-547-8095), which is supposed to neutralize the allergen in areas where your dog comes into contact.

Common Treatments

Identifying the allergen that’s causing so much fuss is only half the battle. Treating it is another. Here are a few treatments that may alleviate some symptoms.

• Avoidance: Avoidance will rarely eliminate the problem on its own, but can be used in conjunction with other treatments. Skin testing is required in order to pinpoint what exactly to avoid.
• Topical Treatments: Topical treatments like shampoos, anti-itch creams and Hydrocortisone may provide immediate relief but are rarely effective long-term. Just be aware that most pets will try to lick lotion off. A head cone may be necessary but, if possible, simply apply the lotion to an area they can’t lick, like the neck.
• Omega 3 Fatty Acids: These help reduce the effects of an allergic reaction in some, but not all dogs and cats. Omega 3s have few side effects and are usually used in conjunction with other treatments.
• Antihistamines: Antihistamines like Benadryl have proven to effectively control allergies in up to 70% of cats and 30% of dogs. The most common side-effect is drowsiness, so don’t be alarmed if your pet seems groggy after medicating. Every animal will respond differently, so if one type isn’t effective, work with your vet to find one that is.
• Steroids: Steroids, either by injection or pill form, have proven to be very effective in the relief of severe inflammation and itching. However, because of their intensity, they should be used as a last resort, and veterinary consulting is a must.
• Epi-Pen: Less common but more severe allergic reactions in dogs include intense hives, facial swelling and anaphylaxis. If untreated, anaphylaxis can result in shock, respiratory and/or cardiac failure and death. If any of these intense reactions occur in your dog, talk with your vet immediately. He may prescribe an epi-pen, a one-time dose of epinephrine to be injected upon an allergic reaction.

Finally, no matter what course of action you take, always consult with your vet before medicating your animal. Pet allergies are a real issue; they can affect your pet’s quality of life as much as yours. So brighten your best bud’s day by getting him or her on an effective treatment regime, go out on the town, and don’t forget to stop and smell the roses.

Mutt Matchmakers

Which Breed is Best (for You)?

By Ashlee Verba

If you’ve never owned a dog but have juggled the idea of buying or adopting, or have owned and just can’t seem to find the right fit, you probably know the difficulties inherent in figuring out which breed will best match your needs and way of life.  Certain breeds have certain innate characteristics that fit a range of lifestyles–whether you’re a family of four with small children or an active couple who hike every weekend. To help you find your perfect canine counterpart, start your search by checking out personality profiles of the American Kennel Club’s top five breeds of 2009, and let the mutt matchmaking begin.

#5 – Beagle

Beagles are amicable, mid-sized dogs with a short, manageable coat. Because they are a social breed, they are perfect for children and actually do better with other pets. They are not notably intelligent, but their likeability can easily overshadow their lack of smarts. Innately adventurous, they’re in it for the long haul on your weekend hikes, and require a home with a backyard, not an apartment, for ample stretching and exercise. As hound dogs, beagles turn off their ears once something catches their nose’s attention, so leashes and sturdy backyard fences are a must. (Beagles would walk into traffic if their nose led them that way.) Beagles are stubborn (think chronic howling), become bored easily and lack the drive to please, which makes firm, consistent training necessary, but well worth your while.

#4 – Golden Retriever

Family dogs to the core, Golden Retrievers are a great choice for companionship and safety around small children, mainly for their intelligence, loyalty and mild temperament (if you can handle moderate shedding). Unlike Beagles, Golden Retrievers have a tremendous urge to please, making training easy and fun. Yet, even with all the training in the world, retrievers get bored when left alone for considerable amounts of time, and may find entertainment via your antique table legs.

Large, agile and somewhat adventurous, retrievers can naturally handle any terrain, and are especially fond of water. They can withstand long hikes, but don’t necessarily require an above-average amount of exercise, although, they still need to be walked and/or ran relatively often. Since retrievers are innately peaceful, they will not act aggressively toward strangers (intruders included), but will certainly play the role of watchdog by barking upon hearing strange noises near their territory.

#3 German Shepherd

One of the most consistent breeds on the American Kennel Club’s list, a well-bred German Shepherd is intelligent, confident, fearless, incredibly loyal, athletic and one of the best guard dogs. However, because they’re loyalty and protective nature are so strong, shepherds require a lot of socialization as soon as possible, especially with small children or animals. Fierce guard dog status aside, German Shepherds love affection from the owners they so devoutly protect and can get bored easily without it; meaning, if you’re the single gal-on-the-go looking for protection but can’t commit to providing adequate exercise or physical attention, German Shepherd is not the breed for you. German Shepherds have a thick coat that sheds a lot, and require an above-average amount of exercise, making a backyard and frequent walking an integral part of your dog’s overall health and happiness.

#2 Yorkshire Terrier

Yorkshire Terriers, better known as yorkies, are the only small breed to make AKC’s top 5, probably because they are a great option for people with allergies due to minimal shedding. Yorkies tend to exhibit unique personalities and will usually find a way to be the center of your attention. It’s easy to baby this breed because of its small stature and urge to cuddle, but establishing some sense of independence is necessary to avoid separation anxiety. Naturally inquisitive, they love to scurry around scoping things out and generally reject being constricted by a leash. With consistency, however, they can be leash trained. Though they are fairly low maintenance regarding space, shedding and low exercise requirements, yorkies can be difficult to housetrain, making a doggy door or crate training highly recommended.

While sometimes requiring a bit of socialization, Yorkshire Terriers can co-exist with other pets, even larger dogs. But, this breed prefers to be away from large, high-energy things that may cause a ruckus. Yorkies are obviously not guard dogs, but they do have the watchdog instinct of letting you know when company arrives.

#1 Labrador Retriever

Innately friendly, enthusiastic and good-natured, Labrador Retrievers make an exceptional dog for families. This breed is obedient, level-headed and sociable–albeit a bit more cautious with their companionship than other retriever breeds.  Labradors are athletic dogs that require an above-average amount of exercise, which can include swimming since this breed loves water.  They also love to chew. Making an abundance of toys and/or bones accessible will keep them from seeking out other things to inadvertently destroy. As young puppies, labs are incredibly bouncy and, while never intending to cause harm, have been known to knock down very small children. Labs tend to maintain this bounciness well into adulthood, so patience with their varying and usually high energy levels is a must. This breed has notable susceptibility to health risks, ranging from joint problems to cancer, so finding a reputable breeder that administers healthy pups is in your best interest.

More Popular Breeds

Still haven’t found the perfect pooch for you? Here are five more popular dog breeds you might want to bring into your family fold.

Boxer: This breed is notoriously active and playful, exhibiting a unique zestful and often funny personality requiring sufficient exercise. They tend to do well with children and families, have a short, manageable coat and are innately alert, making them great guard dogs.

Bulldogs: Most bulldogs are kind and likeable as well as stubborn and bold. They’re not innately aggressive, but they are naturally destructive. Training and assertiveness are essential, as bulldogs easily get the idea that they run things. Bulldogs do well with humans, even children, but may require socialization with other pets. Expect moderate shedding, a lot of snoring, drooling and doggy odors, but also a lot of affection and personality.

Shih Tzu: Less yappy and insistent than other small breeds, Shih Tzus are plum happy with little more than some love and attention. Playtime is all the exercise they need, making them a great option for seniors. Generally, they’re good with people and other pets, though they may require a little socialization initially. They can be difficult to housetrain and don’t shed much.

Miniature Schnauzer: A small breed that’s solid and sturdy, mini Schnauzers adapt well to most environments. They’re good with people and keenly aware, making them good watchdogs. Obedient and quick (training will yield a wonderful companion), lively and brave, a Miniature Schnauzer’s biggest coo is simply being a part of the family; try including him where you can. Minimal shedding is a great plus for those with allergies.

Pugs: Pugs are generally a submissive, easy-going and funny breed. They require little space and can only handle limited exercise because of their short nose (especially in warm weather). They are demanding of your attention, love affection, and tend to be great with children. They are, however, difficult to train, hyper, and very easy to overfeed because of their big, sad eyes. Shedding is notable for such a short coat.

With any dog you choose, make sure to research the source from which you’re adopting. Not only are there some unscrupulous puppy millers out there, but bad breeding may result in a hyper, unintelligent, skittish or otherwise undesirable version of a great breed.